Wu Shirong /Goh Say Eng)吳世榮
檳榔嶼位於馬來西亞北部，馬六甲海峽北海口，檳城是檳榔嶼的首府。長期的殖民統治使當地人深受西方思想文化的影響，也影響到旅居當地的華僑華人。以吳世榮、黃金慶、陳新政等為代表的檳榔嶼華僑華人不顧殖民政府、清朝領事館、保皇黨人的限制、干擾、破壞、甚至迫害，接受革命主張，開展革命活動。他們以實際行動論證了孫中山關於“華僑乃革命之母”的著名論斷。
南洋總會移師檳城成為革命策源地
自1786年檳榔嶼開埠以來，由於華僑華人人口的增多，各類華僑社團如嘉應會館（1801年）、廣東暨汀州會館（1801年）、汀州會館（1819年）、瓊州會館（1866年）等會館相繼成立。蓬勃發展的華僑社會，為孫中山在檳榔嶼宣傳革命思想奠定了群衆基礎和經濟基礎。
1905年8月20日，孫中山在日本東京成立了中國同盟會。由於受日本政府驅逐，孫中山同黃興、胡漢民等乘船到達檳城，住在小蘭亭俱樂部。檳榔嶼閩商吳世榮、黃金慶不顧孫中山被人冷落而熱情接待孫中山等。在吳世榮、黃金慶的安排下，孫中山在小蘭亭俱樂部大力宣傳“三民主義”，闡述“滿虜不去吾國必亡”的理由。孫中山富有感染力的講話，深深地感動了吳世榮、黃金慶及在場的社友陳新政、邱明昶等。
1906年，孫中山偕黃興、胡漢民、汪精衛、李竹痴等從越南又一次來到新加坡、吉隆坡、檳城。孫中山先派新加坡同盟會分會的陳楚楠、林義順持其手函先到檳城，會晤吳世榮，組織檳榔嶼同盟會分會。
1907年，隨着鎮南關起義失敗，孫中山、胡漢民、汪精衛、黃龍生等第三次來到檳城。他們一方面為宣傳革命和籌款，一方面同吳世榮、黃金慶等協商，組建“檳城閲書報社”，作為同盟會的辦公會所。
1908年，“中國同盟會南洋總機關部”設在新加坡，由於同盟會內部的歧見與形勢的變化，孫中山決定將同盟會南洋總機關部遷移至檳城，設在檳城閲書報社內。
孫中山“九次革命、五過檳城”，其家眷也前來避居，日常生活費用由陳新政、黃金慶、吳世榮、邱明昶等11人負責。汪精衛也在檳城與當地粵籍富商小姐陳璧君結婚，並與黃復生等行刺攝政王載灃而被捕入獄後，也得到吳世榮、黃金慶、陳新政出資與籌資營救。檳城還成為庇能會議的召開地點，又成為革命黨機關報《光華日報》的所在地，所以被稱為“革命策源地”。
創辦《光華日報》宣傳革命思想
1906年，在孫中山的勉勵下，黃金慶創辦了《檳城日報》，該報具有商業與中立性質，但宣傳孫中山的革命主張，應是檳榔嶼第一份宣傳革命的報紙。
黃金慶祖籍福建同安，先世旅居泰國，其父親後來遷居檳城，經營錫米生意。黃金慶從小就受到良好的華文教育，繼承父親遺業後，不但生意做得好，腰纏萬貫，而且極具膽識，傾盡家産支持革命。
1912年民國政府成立後，孫中山褒以特別旌義狀，滇督唐蓂賡（即唐繼堯）、粵督胡漢民亦贈以徽章與獎品，以表彰其對革命的貢獻。
1907年孫中山第三次來到檳城後，在策劃檳城閲書報社的同時，也着手籌辦《光華日報》，孫中山親自定名為“光華”，意為光復華夏。由於檳榔嶼當時錫礦、土産跌價、市場蕭條，經費困難而被擱置。
1909年8月，緬甸同盟會領袖莊銀安等在仰光創辦的報紙先採用了“光華”二字，稱為《光華報》，後受當局迫害而停辦。莊銀安逃來檳城，有意續辦《光華報》，後留在仰光的革命黨人將《光華報》改名為《進化報》，得以繼續出版而作罷。
1910年12月20日，檳城同盟會公推黃金慶、陳新政、邱明昶、楊漢翔、林貽博、曾受蘭等出面籌辦《光華日報》，三年後成功出版。胡漢民、雷鐵崖、張杜鵑、戴季陶、宋教仁等主持筆政。
盡管面臨着經費緊張和保皇派報紙《檳城新報》的競爭，但創辦人依舊以不屈不撓的精神，旗幟鮮明地宣傳革命。
《光華日報》不但是革命黨人在馬來亞最重要的機關報，也是馬來西亞新聞史上發行歷史最久的日報，至今仍在出版。
捐獻錢財籌措經費與軍餉
孫中山第一次到達檳榔嶼後，檳榔嶼華僑華人革命熱情不斷高漲，積極宣傳，發動籌款，大力勸捐，籌措軍餉，做出了很大的成績。
檳榔嶼華僑華人對辛亥革命的捐助數額巨大，事跡感人。從支持鎮南關、河口起義到廣州黃花崗起義，從救助新加坡《中興報》到營救汪精衛、黃復生；從成立檳城閲書報社到發行《光華日報》；從接濟革命黨人到照顧孫中山等人的眷屬，檳榔嶼華僑華人都一如既往，無私援助，其人數之多，數目之大是少有的。
如孫中山1910年11月以“中國教育義捐”的名義，為策劃廣州黃花崗起義籌款，計劃在海外籌集港幣13萬元，孫中山在籌款緊急會議上沉痛激昂的演說，感動了在場的僑胞，當場就籌得叻幣8000余元。在本次勸捐中，馬來亞各埠共籌款港幣47660元，其中檳榔嶼黃金慶經手收得11500元。
在捐資的僑胞中，有些人可以說是傾其所有，毀家紓難。吳世榮系檳榔嶼第三代華人，祖籍福建海澄。他約21歲時，從父親手中繼承了大筆遺産。1905年孫中山第一次來檳時，吳世榮、黃金慶主動熱情接待，從此受孫中山革命學說的影響，積極支援孫中山的革命事業。不但擔任檳城同盟會分會長、檳城閲書報社社長，為革命事業致力奔走，還以萬貫之財，為革命事業排憂解難，甚至將自己的産業、園坵一塊一塊地變賣出去，最後連“瑞福號”別墅也變賣出去，支援革命。
由於吳世榮對革命功勛卓絶，衆望所歸，被南洋各埠同盟會選為總代表（全球僅吳世榮和美洲代表馮自由二人），於1912年回國參加開國大典。到達南京時，孫中山親率臨時政府要員隆重歡迎，備受殊榮。
孫中山1916年3月30日還致電吳世榮、黃金慶、徐瑞林繼續寄予厚望：“聞兄等盡力向閩幫籌款，能多得濟大局，幸甚。極盼好音。”這位對孫中山忠心耿耿，肝膽相照的華僑革命黨人，甚至渴望有朝一日，自己也能葬在中山陵之旁，與孫中山為鄰。但晚年生活困苦的他，於1945年辭世，長眠於檳榔嶼。
有力支持民國臨時政府運轉
民國臨時政府與各省都督府成立後，面臨着國力薄弱，國庫空虛，財政困難，連政府的日常開支也面臨捉襟見肘的局面。在這緊急關頭，海外僑胞以極大的熱情，捐款支持新生政權的建設。如在廣東省，自1911年11月9日至1912年5月21日短短的半年多時間，華僑捐款、借款共達白銀一百七十五萬多元；福建省光復前後，得到華僑捐款亦“不下二百萬元。”
檳榔嶼華僑領袖吳世榮，在民國政府成立後，做了三件對鞏固新生政權有意義的事情。
第一，牽頭成立“南洋華僑聯合會”，致力於團結華僑，支持民國政府。1912年3月，在孫中山的贊許與支持下，吳世榮、莊嘯園、王少文、白頻洲、徐瑞霖等南洋華僑和新加坡歸僑吳蔭培、謝碧田等發起，在上海成立了中國國內最早的華僑社團組織——南洋華僑聯合會（後名稱為華僑聯合會），其宗旨是：“本會對於祖國，則代表華僑、協助實業政治之進行，對於華僑，則聯絡各界共謀保護之方法”並“聯絡海外團體，互通聲氣，以堅華僑向內之心”，“聯合國外華僑，共同一致協助祖國政治經濟外交之活動。”
大會鑒於汪精衛當時的聲望，被選任會長，吳世榮任副會長，負責全面領導工作。華僑聯合會還出版了中國第一份研究和宣傳華僑的月刊《華僑雜誌》（1913年11月創刊，1920年3月停刊）。
不久，吳世榮、王少文赴南洋組織華僑分會，作為華僑聯合會在南洋的分支機構。吳世榮等人在新馬一帶先後組建了29個華僑分會，對促進南洋與祖國的聯繫，支持二次革命、東征北伐，起了積極的作用。
第二，成立貿易機構“上海榮公司”。吳世榮不但熱心社會活動與慈善活動，而且在商務實業方面也有專長。他常說，中國欲富強，不外“才”與“財”二字。才出自教育，而財必從商業、礦業取得。因此，吳世榮成立的“上海榮公司”，致力辦理民國政府採辦事業。
第三，參與組織參股“中華實業銀行”。“中華實業銀行”是1912年孫中山親自發起籌組的，吳世榮積極響應，大力支持，本人認股10萬元，同時致函南洋各埠商界友好踴躍參股。
經過一年的籌備，中華實業銀行終於1913年5月15日開張，孫中山擔任名譽總董，吳世榮任協理，是中國與海外華僑合資興辦的第一家銀行。後因政局劇變，中華實業銀行宣告解體，吳世榮亦返回檳榔嶼。
摘編自海口《海南日報》
Monday, October 6, 2014
Monday, January 28, 2013
Tan Malaka was in Penang
Tan Malaka (1897-1949)
Tan Malaka (June 2, 1897 – February 21, 1949) was an Indonesian nationalist activist and communist leader. A staunch critic of both the colonial Dutch East Indies government and the republican Sukarno administration that governed the country after the Indonesian National Revolution, he was also frequently in conflict with the leadership of the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI), Indonesia's primary radical political party in the 1920s and again in the 1940s.
A political outsider for most of his life, Tan Malaka spent a large part of his life in exile from Indonesia, and was constantly threatened with arrest by the Dutch authorities and their allies. Despite this apparent marginalization, however, he played a key intellectual role in linking the international communist movement to Southeast Asia's anti-colonial movements. He was declared a National Hero of Indonesia by the Provisional People's Consultative Assembly (MPRS) in 1963
Tan Melaka was in Penang from 1925 to 1942
Early life and education
A member of the Minangkabau ethnic group, Tan Malaka was born in Suliki, West Sumatra in 1894 to Rasad Chaniago and Sinah Simabur. His given name was Datuk Ibrahim gelar Sutan Malaka, but he was known both as a child and as an adult as Tan Malaka, an honorary name inherited from his mother's aristocratic background.
From 1908 to 1913 he attended a teacher training school established by the Dutch colonial government in Bukittinggi, the intellectual center of Minangkabau culture. Here he began to learn the Dutch language, which he was to teach to Indonesian students. In 1913 he received a loan from the elders of his home village to pursue further education in the Netherlands, and from then until 1919 he studied at the Government Teachers Training School (Rijkskweekschool) in Haarlem.
It was during this stay in Europe that he began to study communist and socialist theory, and through interaction with both Dutch and Indonesian students became convinced that Indonesia must be freed from Dutch rule through revolution. In his autobiography Tan Malaka cited the Russian Revolution of 1917 as a political awakening, increasing his understanding of links between capitalism, imperialism, and class oppression.
He became seriously ill with tuberculosis in the Netherlands, which he attributed to the cold climate and unfamiliar diet. This was the beginning of lifelong health problems that frequently interfered with his work.
Rise in the communist party
His studies in the Netherlands completed, Tan Malaka returned to Indonesia in November 1919. He took a job teaching the children of contract coolies on a Swiss- and German-owned tobacco plantation on the northern east coast of Sumatra, near Medan. During his stay in Sumatra, he first started working with the Indies Social Democratic Association (ISDV), which later became the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI), and published his first articles in the ISDV newspaper. Tan Malaka came into frequent conflict with the European management of the plantation over the content of his lessons for the students, the liberal political columns he wrote for local newspapers, and his work as a labor union activist, especially in a 1920 strike of railroad workers.
Frustrated by his position in Sumatra, he left for Java in late February 1920. He stayed initially in Yogyakarta but soon moved to Semarang after being asked to set up a "People's School" for the nationalist organization Sarekat Islam (SI). This school, which was later duplicated in many other cities on Java, was intended by SI to provide a useful education while instilling nationalist pride in its students.
Semarang during Tan Malaka's stay there was a major center of nationalist and communist politics, and he quickly became deeply engaged in political work there. He held leadership roles in several trade unions, and wrote extensively for several trade union and PKI publications. His most prominent leadership role came in December 1921, when he was elected chairman of the PKI, replacing Semaun, the party's first chairman. During his brief term of leadership, the PKI worked to create links with trade unions by supporting workers during several strikes.
Tan Malaka's prominent role in the PKI was viewed by the colonial government as subversive activity. He was arrested in Bandung by the colonial government in February 1922, and on March 24 he was exiled to the Netherlands
One of Tan Malaka's first actions upon his arrival in the Netherlands was to run as the third candidate on the Communist Party of Holland's (CPH) slate for the 1922 elections for the Estates-General of the Netherlands. He was the first subject of the Dutch East Indies ever to run for office in the Netherlands. He did not expect to actually be elected because, under the system of proportional representation in use, his third position on the ticket made his election highly unlikely. His stated goal in running instead was to gain a platform to speak about Dutch actions in Indonesia, and to work to persuade the CPH to support Indonesian independence. Although he did not win a seat, he received unexpectedly strong support.
Before the election results were even announced, Tan Malaka moved to Berlin, Germany for several months, then on to Moscow by October 1922. Here, he became deeply involved with the politics of the Communist International (Comintern), arguing vigorously that the communist parties of Europe should support the nationalist struggles of colonial Asia. He was named Comintern's agent for Southeast Asia, probably at the Comintern Executive Committee's June 1923 meeting. One of his first tasks was to write a book about Indonesia, describing the country's politics and economy for the Comintern; this book was published in Russian in 1924.
With his Comintern assignment in hand, he moved in December 1923 to Canton, China. Tan Malaka's job included publishing a newspaper in English, a task which proved difficult because he knew little of the language, and printing presses for the Latin script were difficult to find.
In July 1925 Tan Malaka moved to Manila, Philippines, where he found work at a newspaper. At the time the PKI was taking steps toward an outright rebellion in Indonesia intended to bring it to power, but that would instead lead to its temporary defeat by the colonial government. Tan Malaka was strongly opposed to this action, which he felt was a poor strategy for a weak party unprepared for revolution. He described in his autobiography his frustration with an inability to find information about events in Indonesia from his place in the Philippines, and his lack of influence with the PKI's leadership. As Comintern representative for Southeast Asia, Tan Malaka argued that he had authority to reject the PKI's plan, an assertion which was denied by some former PKI members in retrospect. At the time, he did persuade some PKI leaders in the country that an armed rebellion was not in the party's best interest, but PKI groups in West Java and West Sumatra did go ahead with an armed insurrection, which the Dutch government used as a pretense for vigorous suppression of the party, including the execution of several leaders.
In the Philippines, he befriend members of the Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas, specially Crisanto Evangelista. as well as some government officials like President Manuel Quezon and former President and General Emilio Aguinaldo, unaware that he was a leader of a communist party then illegal.
When Japan invaded and occupied Shanghai in September 1932, Tan Malaka fled south to Hong Kong, disguised as a Chinese-Filipino and using an alias. Almost immediately upon his arrival, however, he was arrested by British authorities, and imprisoned for several months. He hoped to have a chance to argue his case under British law, and possibly seek asylum in the United Kingdom, but after several months of interrogation and being moved between the "European" and the "Chinese" sections of the jail, it was decided that he would simply be exiled from Hong Kong without charges.
After considering several options for a place of exile where he would be out of reach of the Dutch, Tan Malaka elected to return to Amoy, where he reconnected with an old friend and was able to reach the friend's village of Iwe without detection. Here, his health, weak for several years, declined greatly, and he was ill for several years before Chinese medicine treatments eventually restored him to health. In 1936 he returned to Amoy, and started a school where he taught English, German, and Marxist theory; by 1937 it was the largest language school in Amoy.
In August 1937 he again fled the Japanese military advance to the south, traveling first to Rangoon, Burma via Singapore for a month, then, his savings nearly depleted, returning south to Singapore via Penang. In Singapore, he found work as a teacher. When Japan occupied the Malay peninsula and drove the Dutch out of Indonesia in 1942, Tan Malaka decided to finally return to Indonesia after an absence of nearly twenty years.
Return to Indonesia
Tan Malaka's return to Indonesia began with a lengthy trip of several months, staying for a time in Penang before crossing to Sumatra, then visiting Medan, Padang, and several other Sumatran cities before settling on the outskirts of Japanese-occupied Jakarta in July 1942. Most of his time here was occupied by writing and research in Jakarta's libraries, working on his books Madilog and ASLIA.
When his savings from Singapore were nearly depleted, he took a job as a clerk at a coal mine in Bayah, southern West Java, where production was being greatly increased under Japanese management to support the war effort. At Bayah, he maintained records on the romusha, forced laborers who were sent from all over Java to work the mine and build railways. In addition to his official job, he worked to improve conditions for the laborers, among whom the death toll from sickness and starvation was very high.
Role in the war
In August 1945, after the Japanese surrender which ended World War II, and the Indonesian Declaration of Independence, Tan Malaka left Bayah, and resumed using his real name for the first time in twenty years. He travelled first to Jakarta, then widely around Java. During this trip he became convinced that Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta, who had made the declaration of independence and were considered the leaders of Indonesia by the departing Japanese, were being too conciliatory toward Dutch attempts to regain control over the archipelago. In his autobiography, he expresses confidence that most Indonesian people were willing to fight for immediate complete independence, a position not supported by Sukarno, especially during the early years of the Indonesian National Revolution.
Tan Malaka's solution to this perceived disconnect was to found the Persatuan Perjuangan (Struggle Front, or United Action), a coalition of about 140 smaller groups, but notably not including the PKI. After a few months of discussion, the coalition was formally founded at a congress in Surakarta (Solo) in mid-January, 1946. It adopted a "Minimum Program", which declared that only complete independence was acceptable, that government must obey the wishes of the people, and that foreign-owned plantations and industry should be nationalised. Tan Malaka argued that the government should not negotiate with the Dutch until after all foreign military forces were removed from Indonesia, because until then the two parties could not negotiate as equals.
The Persatuan Perjuangan had widespread popular support, as well as support in the republican army, where General Sudirman was a strong supporter of the coalition Tan Malaka was organizing. In February 1946 the organization forced the temporary resignation of Prime Minister Sutan Sjahrir, a proponent of negotiation with the Dutch, and Sukarno consulted with Tan Malaka to seek his support. However, Tan Malaka was apparently unable to bridge political divisions within his coalition to transform it into actual political control, and Syahrir returned to lead Sukarno's cabinet. In response to this defeat, the Persatuan Perjuangan clearly stated their lack of support for the republican government as it was composed, and the group's intent to oppose any negotiation.
Imprisonment, release, and death
In response to the Persatuan Perjuangan's continued opposition, the Sukarno government arrested most of the coalition's leadership, including Tan Malaka, in March 1946. He remained in jail until September 1948.
During his detention, the PKI emerged as the strongest critic of the government's diplomatic stance. The translator of his autobiography, Helen Jarvis, has argued that Tan Malaka and the rest of the Persatuan Perjuangan leaders were released to provide a less threatening opposition than the PKI. By now, Tan Malaka and the PKI were thoroughly estranged; he was hated within the party for his harsh criticisms of the 1920s, and he distrusted the strategic judgement of the current PKI leaders.
Upon his release, he spent late 1948 in Yogyakarta, working to form a new political party, called the Partai Murba (Proletarian Party), but was unable to repeat his previous success at attracting a popular following. When the Dutch captured the national government in December 1948, he fled the city for rural East Java, where he hoped he would be protected by anti-republican guerrilla forces. He established his head quarter in Blimbing, a village surrounded by rice fields. He connected himself to major Sabarudin, leader of the Bataljon 38. In Malaka's opinion Sabarudin's was the only armed group that was really fighting the Dutch. Sabarudin however was in conflict with all other armed groups. On February 17, the TNI leaders in East Java decided that Sabarudin and his companions were to be captured and convicted following military law. On the 19th they captured Tan Malaka in Blimbing. On February 20 the infamous Dutch Korps Speciale Troepen (KST) happened to start the so called 'operation Tiger' from the East Javanese town of Nganjuk. They advanced quickly and brutally. Poeze (2007) describes in detail how the TNI soldiers fled into the mountains and how Tan Malaka, already injured, walked into a TNI-post and was promptly executed on February 21, 1949. No report was made and Malaka was buried in the woods.
(source: wikipedia)
Tan Malaka in Penang(1925-1942)
The following month, Penang was visited by another sort of visitor – the mysterious and legendary Minang revolutionary, Tan Malaka. Tan Malaka has been described variously in Indonesian history as ‘communist, nationalist, national commnist, Trostskyist, Japanese agent, idealist, Muslim leader, and Minangkabau chauvinist’.
In 1947, in the various jails of the newly independent republic of Indonesia, Tan Malaka a ‘hero of independence’ wrote his three-volume memoir which he called ‘Dari Pendjara ke Pendjara’. These memoir included accounts of his visits to Penang.
Tan Malaka must have found Penang a condusive place as he transferred the party executive (partijbestuur) to the island in 1926. The Penang leadership was composed of Tan Malaka, Magas Madjid, Abdul Karim with representatives from Singapore and Johor. The Partijbestuur is said to have been located at 126, Anson Road. (Poeze 1999: 67)
When Tan Malaka was in China between 1924-25, he met Sun Yat-sen several times in Canton to explore the possibility of cooperation between the Chinese Communist Party and the Indonesian Chinese Party. (Poeze 1988: 345, 357) Sun Yat-sen who spoke of his times in exiles in Penang, Singapore and elsewhere could have inadvertently suggested to Tan Malaka to move his base to Penang. (Poeze 1998: 346)
Tan Malaka's efforts to recruit communist party members from Penang and Singapore was unsuccessful as he found them ‘still very conservative in their way of living and thinking and are small bourgeois…’. (Poeze 1999: 24)
Tan Malaka viewed Penang as an imperialist base from which the British engineered their intervention into the peninsula. (Poeze 1999: 24)
On his way to Singapore from Bangkok in 1937, Tan Malaka broke his journey in Penang. (Tan Malaka 2000: 187-193) At the Penang harbour, he was detained by customs (duane). Tan Malaka was travelling in the name of Tan Min Siong, a suspect Chinese intellectual sought by the British authorities. On top of that he did not look very Chinese at all. (Poeze 1999: 253)
After some hackling, Tan Malaka resorted to “Ciak-teh”. Only then was he released. (Tan Malaka 2000: 194)
‘With the plague of Ciak-teh in the habours of Singapore and Penang, the English “immigration law” meant to “restrict” the entry of the Tionghoa race into Malaya (on the pressures from Indonesians in Malaya) It is only a farce, theater (sandiwara). Chinese from wherever, from whatever class and at any time can enter Malaya, so long as they pay small or big Ciak-teh. A Chinese tawkey can obtain a pass by paying Ciak-the, guaranteed from his pocket (literally kantong, Javanese for big pouch). An employer can pay for a Chinese Singkek coolie or by his own relatives who has been living in Malaya. The prostitution of the English’s “Immigration Law” is followed by the prostitution of its “Mining Law”. English laws meant to protect bangsa Indonesia (Melayu) by preventing alien or big capital from renting land or paddy lands belonging to putera bumi bangsa Indonesia, containing tin ore. However, Ciak-teh can easily penetrate the English laws to obtain the paddy lands wherever and whenever foreign capital wants it’.
Tan Malaka came to Penang again in April 1942 from Singapore, this time with the intention of crossing over into the Dutch East Indies. (Tan Malaka 2000: 242)
In Penang, he witnessed the destruction caused by Japanese bombers on the city of Penang, and the flight and cowardice of the British regime.
‘The Penang regime (pemerintah) have fled, just now a Japanese plane came to spy from up high. Because they have fled, the formal surrender to the Japanese military was not carried out. For days the Japanese bombed the city of Penang, which in fact has been abandoned by the English regime who fled helter skelter to Singapore, leaving hundreds and thousands of citizens who were supposed to be under British protection. Thousands of people died from the bombing and dozens of houses were burnt. According to a story a Japanese who got out of the English prison, wrote in Japanese characters in an open field, informing his countrymen that the English regime have long gone. Only then, the bombings stopped. Not long after, the Japanese army entered Penang and took over its administration’. (Tan Malaka 2000: 231-2)
In the middle of May 1942, Tan Malaka and his commrades left Penang in a tongkang. Tan Malaka commented that the Straits Steamship Co. liner, ‘Kapal Kedah’ would have taken 10 days to cross the Straits of Malacca, but 10 days after they left Penang, the coastline of Malaya can still be seen! (Tan Malaka 2000: 259) They eventually arrive in Belawan in the middle of June. (Tan Malaka 2000: 261)
(extract from article, Perceptions of Penang: Views From Across The Straits, by
Abdur-Razzaq Lubis)
Tan Malaka (June 2, 1897 – February 21, 1949) was an Indonesian nationalist activist and communist leader. A staunch critic of both the colonial Dutch East Indies government and the republican Sukarno administration that governed the country after the Indonesian National Revolution, he was also frequently in conflict with the leadership of the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI), Indonesia's primary radical political party in the 1920s and again in the 1940s.
A political outsider for most of his life, Tan Malaka spent a large part of his life in exile from Indonesia, and was constantly threatened with arrest by the Dutch authorities and their allies. Despite this apparent marginalization, however, he played a key intellectual role in linking the international communist movement to Southeast Asia's anti-colonial movements. He was declared a National Hero of Indonesia by the Provisional People's Consultative Assembly (MPRS) in 1963
Tan Melaka was in Penang from 1925 to 1942
Early life and education
A member of the Minangkabau ethnic group, Tan Malaka was born in Suliki, West Sumatra in 1894 to Rasad Chaniago and Sinah Simabur. His given name was Datuk Ibrahim gelar Sutan Malaka, but he was known both as a child and as an adult as Tan Malaka, an honorary name inherited from his mother's aristocratic background.
From 1908 to 1913 he attended a teacher training school established by the Dutch colonial government in Bukittinggi, the intellectual center of Minangkabau culture. Here he began to learn the Dutch language, which he was to teach to Indonesian students. In 1913 he received a loan from the elders of his home village to pursue further education in the Netherlands, and from then until 1919 he studied at the Government Teachers Training School (Rijkskweekschool) in Haarlem.
It was during this stay in Europe that he began to study communist and socialist theory, and through interaction with both Dutch and Indonesian students became convinced that Indonesia must be freed from Dutch rule through revolution. In his autobiography Tan Malaka cited the Russian Revolution of 1917 as a political awakening, increasing his understanding of links between capitalism, imperialism, and class oppression.
He became seriously ill with tuberculosis in the Netherlands, which he attributed to the cold climate and unfamiliar diet. This was the beginning of lifelong health problems that frequently interfered with his work.
Rise in the communist party
His studies in the Netherlands completed, Tan Malaka returned to Indonesia in November 1919. He took a job teaching the children of contract coolies on a Swiss- and German-owned tobacco plantation on the northern east coast of Sumatra, near Medan. During his stay in Sumatra, he first started working with the Indies Social Democratic Association (ISDV), which later became the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI), and published his first articles in the ISDV newspaper. Tan Malaka came into frequent conflict with the European management of the plantation over the content of his lessons for the students, the liberal political columns he wrote for local newspapers, and his work as a labor union activist, especially in a 1920 strike of railroad workers.
Frustrated by his position in Sumatra, he left for Java in late February 1920. He stayed initially in Yogyakarta but soon moved to Semarang after being asked to set up a "People's School" for the nationalist organization Sarekat Islam (SI). This school, which was later duplicated in many other cities on Java, was intended by SI to provide a useful education while instilling nationalist pride in its students.
Semarang during Tan Malaka's stay there was a major center of nationalist and communist politics, and he quickly became deeply engaged in political work there. He held leadership roles in several trade unions, and wrote extensively for several trade union and PKI publications. His most prominent leadership role came in December 1921, when he was elected chairman of the PKI, replacing Semaun, the party's first chairman. During his brief term of leadership, the PKI worked to create links with trade unions by supporting workers during several strikes.
Tan Malaka's prominent role in the PKI was viewed by the colonial government as subversive activity. He was arrested in Bandung by the colonial government in February 1922, and on March 24 he was exiled to the Netherlands
One of Tan Malaka's first actions upon his arrival in the Netherlands was to run as the third candidate on the Communist Party of Holland's (CPH) slate for the 1922 elections for the Estates-General of the Netherlands. He was the first subject of the Dutch East Indies ever to run for office in the Netherlands. He did not expect to actually be elected because, under the system of proportional representation in use, his third position on the ticket made his election highly unlikely. His stated goal in running instead was to gain a platform to speak about Dutch actions in Indonesia, and to work to persuade the CPH to support Indonesian independence. Although he did not win a seat, he received unexpectedly strong support.
Before the election results were even announced, Tan Malaka moved to Berlin, Germany for several months, then on to Moscow by October 1922. Here, he became deeply involved with the politics of the Communist International (Comintern), arguing vigorously that the communist parties of Europe should support the nationalist struggles of colonial Asia. He was named Comintern's agent for Southeast Asia, probably at the Comintern Executive Committee's June 1923 meeting. One of his first tasks was to write a book about Indonesia, describing the country's politics and economy for the Comintern; this book was published in Russian in 1924.
With his Comintern assignment in hand, he moved in December 1923 to Canton, China. Tan Malaka's job included publishing a newspaper in English, a task which proved difficult because he knew little of the language, and printing presses for the Latin script were difficult to find.
In July 1925 Tan Malaka moved to Manila, Philippines, where he found work at a newspaper. At the time the PKI was taking steps toward an outright rebellion in Indonesia intended to bring it to power, but that would instead lead to its temporary defeat by the colonial government. Tan Malaka was strongly opposed to this action, which he felt was a poor strategy for a weak party unprepared for revolution. He described in his autobiography his frustration with an inability to find information about events in Indonesia from his place in the Philippines, and his lack of influence with the PKI's leadership. As Comintern representative for Southeast Asia, Tan Malaka argued that he had authority to reject the PKI's plan, an assertion which was denied by some former PKI members in retrospect. At the time, he did persuade some PKI leaders in the country that an armed rebellion was not in the party's best interest, but PKI groups in West Java and West Sumatra did go ahead with an armed insurrection, which the Dutch government used as a pretense for vigorous suppression of the party, including the execution of several leaders.
In the Philippines, he befriend members of the Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas, specially Crisanto Evangelista. as well as some government officials like President Manuel Quezon and former President and General Emilio Aguinaldo, unaware that he was a leader of a communist party then illegal.
When Japan invaded and occupied Shanghai in September 1932, Tan Malaka fled south to Hong Kong, disguised as a Chinese-Filipino and using an alias. Almost immediately upon his arrival, however, he was arrested by British authorities, and imprisoned for several months. He hoped to have a chance to argue his case under British law, and possibly seek asylum in the United Kingdom, but after several months of interrogation and being moved between the "European" and the "Chinese" sections of the jail, it was decided that he would simply be exiled from Hong Kong without charges.
After considering several options for a place of exile where he would be out of reach of the Dutch, Tan Malaka elected to return to Amoy, where he reconnected with an old friend and was able to reach the friend's village of Iwe without detection. Here, his health, weak for several years, declined greatly, and he was ill for several years before Chinese medicine treatments eventually restored him to health. In 1936 he returned to Amoy, and started a school where he taught English, German, and Marxist theory; by 1937 it was the largest language school in Amoy.
In August 1937 he again fled the Japanese military advance to the south, traveling first to Rangoon, Burma via Singapore for a month, then, his savings nearly depleted, returning south to Singapore via Penang. In Singapore, he found work as a teacher. When Japan occupied the Malay peninsula and drove the Dutch out of Indonesia in 1942, Tan Malaka decided to finally return to Indonesia after an absence of nearly twenty years.
Return to Indonesia
Tan Malaka's return to Indonesia began with a lengthy trip of several months, staying for a time in Penang before crossing to Sumatra, then visiting Medan, Padang, and several other Sumatran cities before settling on the outskirts of Japanese-occupied Jakarta in July 1942. Most of his time here was occupied by writing and research in Jakarta's libraries, working on his books Madilog and ASLIA.
When his savings from Singapore were nearly depleted, he took a job as a clerk at a coal mine in Bayah, southern West Java, where production was being greatly increased under Japanese management to support the war effort. At Bayah, he maintained records on the romusha, forced laborers who were sent from all over Java to work the mine and build railways. In addition to his official job, he worked to improve conditions for the laborers, among whom the death toll from sickness and starvation was very high.
Role in the war
In August 1945, after the Japanese surrender which ended World War II, and the Indonesian Declaration of Independence, Tan Malaka left Bayah, and resumed using his real name for the first time in twenty years. He travelled first to Jakarta, then widely around Java. During this trip he became convinced that Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta, who had made the declaration of independence and were considered the leaders of Indonesia by the departing Japanese, were being too conciliatory toward Dutch attempts to regain control over the archipelago. In his autobiography, he expresses confidence that most Indonesian people were willing to fight for immediate complete independence, a position not supported by Sukarno, especially during the early years of the Indonesian National Revolution.
Tan Malaka's solution to this perceived disconnect was to found the Persatuan Perjuangan (Struggle Front, or United Action), a coalition of about 140 smaller groups, but notably not including the PKI. After a few months of discussion, the coalition was formally founded at a congress in Surakarta (Solo) in mid-January, 1946. It adopted a "Minimum Program", which declared that only complete independence was acceptable, that government must obey the wishes of the people, and that foreign-owned plantations and industry should be nationalised. Tan Malaka argued that the government should not negotiate with the Dutch until after all foreign military forces were removed from Indonesia, because until then the two parties could not negotiate as equals.
The Persatuan Perjuangan had widespread popular support, as well as support in the republican army, where General Sudirman was a strong supporter of the coalition Tan Malaka was organizing. In February 1946 the organization forced the temporary resignation of Prime Minister Sutan Sjahrir, a proponent of negotiation with the Dutch, and Sukarno consulted with Tan Malaka to seek his support. However, Tan Malaka was apparently unable to bridge political divisions within his coalition to transform it into actual political control, and Syahrir returned to lead Sukarno's cabinet. In response to this defeat, the Persatuan Perjuangan clearly stated their lack of support for the republican government as it was composed, and the group's intent to oppose any negotiation.
Imprisonment, release, and death
In response to the Persatuan Perjuangan's continued opposition, the Sukarno government arrested most of the coalition's leadership, including Tan Malaka, in March 1946. He remained in jail until September 1948.
During his detention, the PKI emerged as the strongest critic of the government's diplomatic stance. The translator of his autobiography, Helen Jarvis, has argued that Tan Malaka and the rest of the Persatuan Perjuangan leaders were released to provide a less threatening opposition than the PKI. By now, Tan Malaka and the PKI were thoroughly estranged; he was hated within the party for his harsh criticisms of the 1920s, and he distrusted the strategic judgement of the current PKI leaders.
Upon his release, he spent late 1948 in Yogyakarta, working to form a new political party, called the Partai Murba (Proletarian Party), but was unable to repeat his previous success at attracting a popular following. When the Dutch captured the national government in December 1948, he fled the city for rural East Java, where he hoped he would be protected by anti-republican guerrilla forces. He established his head quarter in Blimbing, a village surrounded by rice fields. He connected himself to major Sabarudin, leader of the Bataljon 38. In Malaka's opinion Sabarudin's was the only armed group that was really fighting the Dutch. Sabarudin however was in conflict with all other armed groups. On February 17, the TNI leaders in East Java decided that Sabarudin and his companions were to be captured and convicted following military law. On the 19th they captured Tan Malaka in Blimbing. On February 20 the infamous Dutch Korps Speciale Troepen (KST) happened to start the so called 'operation Tiger' from the East Javanese town of Nganjuk. They advanced quickly and brutally. Poeze (2007) describes in detail how the TNI soldiers fled into the mountains and how Tan Malaka, already injured, walked into a TNI-post and was promptly executed on February 21, 1949. No report was made and Malaka was buried in the woods.
(source: wikipedia)
Tan Malaka in Penang(1925-1942)
The following month, Penang was visited by another sort of visitor – the mysterious and legendary Minang revolutionary, Tan Malaka. Tan Malaka has been described variously in Indonesian history as ‘communist, nationalist, national commnist, Trostskyist, Japanese agent, idealist, Muslim leader, and Minangkabau chauvinist’.
In 1947, in the various jails of the newly independent republic of Indonesia, Tan Malaka a ‘hero of independence’ wrote his three-volume memoir which he called ‘Dari Pendjara ke Pendjara’. These memoir included accounts of his visits to Penang.
Tan Malaka must have found Penang a condusive place as he transferred the party executive (partijbestuur) to the island in 1926. The Penang leadership was composed of Tan Malaka, Magas Madjid, Abdul Karim with representatives from Singapore and Johor. The Partijbestuur is said to have been located at 126, Anson Road. (Poeze 1999: 67)
When Tan Malaka was in China between 1924-25, he met Sun Yat-sen several times in Canton to explore the possibility of cooperation between the Chinese Communist Party and the Indonesian Chinese Party. (Poeze 1988: 345, 357) Sun Yat-sen who spoke of his times in exiles in Penang, Singapore and elsewhere could have inadvertently suggested to Tan Malaka to move his base to Penang. (Poeze 1998: 346)
Tan Malaka's efforts to recruit communist party members from Penang and Singapore was unsuccessful as he found them ‘still very conservative in their way of living and thinking and are small bourgeois…’. (Poeze 1999: 24)
Tan Malaka viewed Penang as an imperialist base from which the British engineered their intervention into the peninsula. (Poeze 1999: 24)
On his way to Singapore from Bangkok in 1937, Tan Malaka broke his journey in Penang. (Tan Malaka 2000: 187-193) At the Penang harbour, he was detained by customs (duane). Tan Malaka was travelling in the name of Tan Min Siong, a suspect Chinese intellectual sought by the British authorities. On top of that he did not look very Chinese at all. (Poeze 1999: 253)
After some hackling, Tan Malaka resorted to “Ciak-teh”. Only then was he released. (Tan Malaka 2000: 194)
‘With the plague of Ciak-teh in the habours of Singapore and Penang, the English “immigration law” meant to “restrict” the entry of the Tionghoa race into Malaya (on the pressures from Indonesians in Malaya) It is only a farce, theater (sandiwara). Chinese from wherever, from whatever class and at any time can enter Malaya, so long as they pay small or big Ciak-teh. A Chinese tawkey can obtain a pass by paying Ciak-the, guaranteed from his pocket (literally kantong, Javanese for big pouch). An employer can pay for a Chinese Singkek coolie or by his own relatives who has been living in Malaya. The prostitution of the English’s “Immigration Law” is followed by the prostitution of its “Mining Law”. English laws meant to protect bangsa Indonesia (Melayu) by preventing alien or big capital from renting land or paddy lands belonging to putera bumi bangsa Indonesia, containing tin ore. However, Ciak-teh can easily penetrate the English laws to obtain the paddy lands wherever and whenever foreign capital wants it’.
Tan Malaka came to Penang again in April 1942 from Singapore, this time with the intention of crossing over into the Dutch East Indies. (Tan Malaka 2000: 242)
In Penang, he witnessed the destruction caused by Japanese bombers on the city of Penang, and the flight and cowardice of the British regime.
‘The Penang regime (pemerintah) have fled, just now a Japanese plane came to spy from up high. Because they have fled, the formal surrender to the Japanese military was not carried out. For days the Japanese bombed the city of Penang, which in fact has been abandoned by the English regime who fled helter skelter to Singapore, leaving hundreds and thousands of citizens who were supposed to be under British protection. Thousands of people died from the bombing and dozens of houses were burnt. According to a story a Japanese who got out of the English prison, wrote in Japanese characters in an open field, informing his countrymen that the English regime have long gone. Only then, the bombings stopped. Not long after, the Japanese army entered Penang and took over its administration’. (Tan Malaka 2000: 231-2)
In the middle of May 1942, Tan Malaka and his commrades left Penang in a tongkang. Tan Malaka commented that the Straits Steamship Co. liner, ‘Kapal Kedah’ would have taken 10 days to cross the Straits of Malacca, but 10 days after they left Penang, the coastline of Malaya can still be seen! (Tan Malaka 2000: 259) They eventually arrive in Belawan in the middle of June. (Tan Malaka 2000: 261)
(extract from article, Perceptions of Penang: Views From Across The Straits, by
Abdur-Razzaq Lubis)
Thursday, January 24, 2013
Westlands Secondary School or SMK Westlands
Westlands Secondary
School or SMK Westlands
Westlands Secondary School or SMK Westlands (1957),is located at No.3, Jalan Khaw Sim Bee,Penang. It was an English school established in 1957, mainly taking students from Westlands Primary School and other English primary schools in the city. Later the school also started remove classes for students from Chinese primary school, Malay primary schools and Tamil primary schools.
The school was established just before Malayan independence in 1957. How did the school obtained its name?
The name may be named after the more older and established primary school, Westlands School or Westlands Primary School (SK Westlands). Westlands School was probably established around 1921/1922(?), but now the school had been closed due to poor enrollment. How did Westlands School get its name? There is Westlands Road around the area, Westlands Road is very common road name in commonwealth countries.
From the Kelly Map in the year 1893, the area opposite Pykett School, Pykett Avenue(not exist), Burmah Road, Westland Road (not exist) was called "Westlands" . There was also bungalows called Westlands Bungalow, some called it Westlands House. Obviously the Westlands School is named after the name of the area. Noticed there was no “Westlands Road” in 1893, the row of houses is still not built in the area. The area is mainly bungalows. But there is a bungalow called “Westlands”. This proved that the area may be named Westlands, even before the building of the Westlands Road, and Westlands School. The road and the school(Westlands School ) are probably named after the place, Westlands.
Westlands Secondary School or SMK Westlands (1957),is located at No.3, Jalan Khaw Sim Bee,Penang. It was an English school established in 1957, mainly taking students from Westlands Primary School and other English primary schools in the city. Later the school also started remove classes for students from Chinese primary school, Malay primary schools and Tamil primary schools.
The school was established just before Malayan independence in 1957. How did the school obtained its name?
The name may be named after the more older and established primary school, Westlands School or Westlands Primary School (SK Westlands). Westlands School was probably established around 1921/1922(?), but now the school had been closed due to poor enrollment. How did Westlands School get its name? There is Westlands Road around the area, Westlands Road is very common road name in commonwealth countries.
From the Kelly Map in the year 1893, the area opposite Pykett School, Pykett Avenue(not exist), Burmah Road, Westland Road (not exist) was called "Westlands" . There was also bungalows called Westlands Bungalow, some called it Westlands House. Obviously the Westlands School is named after the name of the area. Noticed there was no “Westlands Road” in 1893, the row of houses is still not built in the area. The area is mainly bungalows. But there is a bungalow called “Westlands”. This proved that the area may be named Westlands, even before the building of the Westlands Road, and Westlands School. The road and the school(Westlands School ) are probably named after the place, Westlands.
1957 – Westlands
Secondary School was opened in
January 1957, with only 4 classes of Form 1 drawn from various primary schools
in Penang , and two Form2 Vocational classes from Francis Light School. There were 7 teachers, initially with Mr Hooi
Yip Hoong, the Headmaster of Westlands School as acting headmaster of the school. Later Mr A William, an Australian
became the Headmaster, and held the post for only 5 months. He was succeeded by
Mr Ooi Khay Bian in the same year. The initial aim of the school was to serve
as a secondary vocational school.
However with the introduction of standardized syllabus for the secondary school
after Malayan independence , the plan for a vocational secondary school was
dropped. The standard type of the
general secondary education was adopted. LCE or Lower Certificate of Education was introduced as
lower secondary school’s examination, FMC Exam(Federation of Malaya Certificate
of Education) for Form 5 Malay medium students, QT(Qualifying Test) for repeated students, OSC(Oversea Cambridge School
Certificate) for English medium students.
.
1958 – Mr Lim Boon Hock took over as Headmaster, and the
school prepared the students for LCE Exam.
The school started as a center for 10 Further Education Classes(Sekolah Menengah
Lanjutan Westlands) from 6 p.m. to
9p.m., from Monday to Friday. The classes continued until 1963, when they were transferred
to Georgetown Secondary School. The school premise was also make use by the Continuation Classes
in the afternoon, there were 7 classes. However they were separate entity.
1959- Datuk Salleh Hussein who was headmaster from 1959-1966.
It was the only government secondary school which have Malay as headmaster. The school has become a complete lower
secondary school offering LCE.
1960- Form 4 class was started. SRP or Sijil Rendah Perlajaran exam was
introduced(until it was abolished in 1993, and replaced by Penilaian Menengah
Rendah or PMR ). LCE remained for English school.
1961- The school offered candidates for SC for the first time, and become a complete secondary
school with 17 classes and total enrollment of 650 pupils. The curriculum consisted
of academic and vocational subjects. The
first to introduce Malay secondary education in the state, four years after its
establishment in 1957. It becomes a two medium school. They were 2 Malay medium
class with 30 pupils. They were boys and girls selected from Malay Primary
Schools from Georgetown, Butterworth and other schools in PW.
1962 – A new block consist of 4 classrooms was constructed. The FMC Examination in Malay Medium was taken
for the first time.
1963 – 22 classes with pupil enrollment of 840 pupils, 97
were girls.
1964- The two language stream however only last 3 years, because
the Malay medium students were moved to Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Jalan
Residensi in 1964. The school however still make use of
the Science Laboratories and the classrooms on Saturday and Sunday. The
girls were transferred to St George’s Girls’ School. The school become a smaller school with 18
classes and enrolment of 708 pupils. The
school become one medium school and a
boy school. The first issue of school magazine
appeared in May 1964. It was 50 pages
and was called “Maju”(literally means Progess or Forward in Malay).
FMC was abolished and MCE or Malaysian Certificate of
Education was introduced to replace FMC.
SPM for the Malay schools.
1965 – The 4th form was removed. The students who
passed their LCE will continued the 4th Form in St Xavian
Institution(SXI).
1966- When the Malay medium class was moved to the new
school. Datuk Salleh Hussein was transferred to the school. Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Jalan Residensi was
renamed Sekolah Abdullah Munshi in 1966,
he remained as headmaster until his retirement in 1969. Mr MSR Ambrose
, a senior teacher from Penang Free School,
was appointed as headmaster of Westlands Secondary School to replace En Salleh. The school had grown to 22 classes with enrollment of 600 students. The last two Form 5 classes sat for their SC
Exam and FMC Exam(Federation of Malaya Certificate of Education)
1967 – The school again become a lower secondary school.
1968- OSC(Oversea Cambridge School Certificate) abolished
1969 – One Leng Gin was appointed as headmaster from Dec 1969.
Form 4 classes started to conduct again.
1970 – The Form 5 class took the MCE Exam and the school again become a complete secondary
school. In 1970, it was stipulated that a candidate must have the minimum of a
'pass' in Bahasa Malaysia (as the National Language was then named), in order
to qualify for the school-leaving certificate called the MCE or Malaysian
Certificate of Education.
1972 – The Form 5 student
took their MCE Examination under
the new syllabus that Malay is a compulsory pass . Many students failed the
Malay language subject in 1972, even students
from the top schools all over Malaysia. Pillai (1973:16) reported
that in 1972 more than half the English medium pupils failed to obtain the MCE
despite performing well in other subjects. The large number of failures served
to remind the public of the earnestness of the government to implement the
national language policy.
1976- MCE taken over by the local Examination Syndicate.
Malay as medium of instruction for Form1 started in all secondary school. Up to
1978, GCE examinations in Malaysia were conducted by the University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate, when two agencies of the Malaysian
Ministry of Education took over the role with UCLES retaining an advisory role
on standards.
1982- HSC or Higher School Certificate Cambridge abolished, STPM took over.
1983- LCE abolished
1987 – SPM held throughout Malaysia, MCE Abolished
1990- Lim Chin Kee joined as headmaster in June 1990. Westlands was all boys’ school since 1964 until December 1990, and when 37 girls
were admitted. Westlands become co-educational school again.
1992 – Choong Hean
Chuan was appointed as Headmaster
Westlands secondary school famous alumni
http://www.penangpassion.com/article.aspx?secid=13&catid=61&artid=327
Westlands secondary school famous alumni
1.
Datuk Yong Soo Heong, Editor-in-chief and acting GM,
Bernama. Yong, who holds a diploma in business journalism from the Centre for
Foreign Journalists in Virginia, USA, joined Bernama as a cadet reporter in
1974. He was the agency's Economic Service editor from 2000 before his
promotion to Bernama Economic Service executive editor on Aug 1, 2004.
2.
YB Abdul Malik Abul Kassim, state assemblyman for
N37 Batu Maung in the 2008 general election. He was appointed
The State Minister for Religious Affairs, Domestic Trade And Consumer Affairs,
Penang.
3.
Tang Kye Kian, lawyer, who started his legal career
with Lim 30 years when he was bright-eyed legal eagle described Lim as a true
community leader."I was 22 when I returned from England and joined Kean
Siew's legal firm. Tang who also served as a municipal councillor and continued
working with Lim when he won the Pengkalan Kota state seat in the 1980
by-election following the death of CY Choy."I branched out after working
with him for five years.
4.
Saw Hai Earn, founder and CEO of Pacific West
http://www.vistage.com.my/experience/advantage/success-stories/profiling-for-success/http://www.penangpassion.com/article.aspx?secid=13&catid=61&artid=327
5. Assoc Prof Ng
Heong Wah, Associate Professor, Division of Engineering Mechanics , School of
Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering , College of Engineering, NTU,
Singapore
6. Dato' Ir. Ho Phea Keat, Managing Director of Kuantan
Port Consortium Sdn Bhd., Pahang
7. Captain Chin Kon Wing, Manager, Operation & Training,
Petroleum Industry of Malaysia Mutual Aid Group
Note: Hope readers can help to provide latest updates on the name of Headmaster
References:
New Strait Times, August 30th 1992, When it was
Westland to start with, http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1309&dat=19920830&id=BrFUAAAAIBAJ&sjid=YJADAAAAIBAJ&pg=6658,5426570
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